Poetry Guide: Filipino - Tanaga

The Tanaga is a type of short Filipino poem, consisting of four lines with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line --- that is to say a 7-7-7-7 Syllabic verse, with an AAAA rhyme scheme as in this example:

In the Old Tagalog original:

"Catitibay ca tolos
sacaling datnang agos!
aco'I momonting lomot
sa iyo,I popolopot."

In the Modern Tagalog syllabication:
Katitibay ka Tulos
Sakaling datnang agos!
Ako'y mumunting lumot
sa iyo'y pupulupot.

Translation:
Oh be resilient you Stake
Should the waters be coming!
I shall cower as the moss
To you I shall be clinging.

Translation by Jardine Davies [1]

The above Tanaga is attributed to Friars Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlucar by Vim Nadera, and quoted them as saying "Poesia muy alta en tagalo, compuesta de siete silabas, y cuatro versos, llena de metafora." (1500's) ("There is high poetry in Tagalog, composed of seven syllables and four verses with frequent metaphors.")

History of the Tanaga

Like the Japanese haiku, Tanagas traditionally do not have any titles. They are poetic forms that should speak for themselves. Most are handed down by oral history, and contain proverbial forms, moral lessons, and snippets of a code of ethics.

A poetic form similar to the ambahan is the tanaga. Unlike the ambahan whose length is indefinite, the tanaga is a compact seven-syllable quatrain. Poets test their skills at rhyme, meter and metaphor through the tanaga because not only is it rhymed and measured but also exacts skillful use of words to create a puzzle that demands some kind of an answer.

It is almost considered a dying art form, but is currently being revived by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and National Commission of the Arts. Poetry groups, like the PinoyPoets who have been promoting Filipino poetry in English and the vernacular are also advocating the spread of this art form.

The Modern Tanaga

The Modern Tanaga, still uses the 7777 syllable count, but rhymes range from dual rhyme forms: AABB, ABAB, ABBA; to freestyle forms such as AAAB, BAAA, or ABCD. Tanagas do not have titles traditionally because the Tanaga should speak for itself. However, moderns can opt to give them titles. [2]

Tanaga in other Languages

While the Tanaga is originally intended to be written in Tagalog, it has been written in other languages such as English. Like-minded poets from all over the world are encouraged to utilize the Tanaga.

See also

• Syllabic verse

External links

• Ambahan
  
• The History of the Tanaga, Vim Nadera
  
• Reviving the Art of the Tanaga, The Modern Tanaga